Early Biomarkers of Sarcopenia: Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25759/spmfr.461Keywords:
Biomarkers, Sarcopenia/diagnosisAbstract
Introduction: Although sarcopenia is considered a disease of the elderly, it is known that muscle loss begins in young adults. Sarcopenia is responsible for a lower quality of life and loss of independence, so the development and validation of sarcopenia biomarkers could be a cost-effective strategy for diagnosing and monitoring this problem in primary health care. It is intended to review the main biomarkers studied in young individuals that allow us to implement preventive measures in the early stages of the disease
Methods: Systematic literature review using the MeSH terms “sarcopenia” and “biomarkers”, between 2011 and 2021 in scientific databases. Studies in adults aged less than 65 years, in Portuguese, English and Spanish were included. The entire review followed the PRISMA methodology. The Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) of the American Academy of Family Physicians was used to stratify the level of evidence and the AMSTAR2 (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews) to assess the quality of the systematic review.
Results: Eight studies were included (six cross-sectional and two case-control). Growth Differentiation Factor-15, isoleucine, leucine, tryptophan, fasting insulin, HOMA index, triglycerides and C1q protein complement biomarkers were associated with worse muscle assessment results, while serum irisin, putrescine/ ornithine, kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, high density lipoprotein, insulin like growth factor 1 and soluble isoform of a receptor for advanced glycation end products showed a positive relationship with the muscle parameters evaluated.
Conclusion: There does not appear to be robust evidence to define a single isolated early sarcopenia biomarker, however, changes in serological biomarkers together with physical assessment may be useful in clinical practice. Was given a SORT B-level recommendation and a moderate quality review by the AMSTAR2 tool.
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