Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise in Congenital Heart Disease in Children
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25759/spmfr.231Keywords:
Child, Exercise, Exercise Therapy, Heart Defects, Congenital/rehabilitationAbstract
Currently survival has increased in patients with congenital heart disease due to advances in medicine. However, most of these patients still does not perform regular physical activity, not due to their underlying disease, but because fears of themselves, family members and teachers related to the disease. Also cardiac rehabilitation programs with well-known benefits in adults are still little performed in children and adolescents and it is not known the methodology and results at the level of functional abilities and psychological condition of these patients. The authors reviewed the literature searching for the current evidence of cardiac rehabilitation programs for children and adolescents with congenital heart disease and current recommendations for practice of physical activity.
Most studies report the beneficial effects of multidisciplinary cardiac rehabilitation programs, including psychological and nutritional counselling, to decrease the number of new hospitalizations and improve functional capacity and quality of life of these patients. At the same time, there are many articles that point out that physical exercise and participation in competitive sports in most cases is possible and safe, if the patient follow the necessary recommendations to their pathology in particular and the advices given for their attending physician in relation to this particular subject.
Downloads
References
Apifarma. A doença cardíaca na criança. [Acedido 13/04/2015].Disponível em: https://www.apifarma.pt/publicacoes/factsheetsAD/Documents/Ficha%20Apifarma_crian%C3%A7as%20doen%C3%A7a%20card%C3%ADaca_final.pdf.
Direção Geral da Saúde. Circular Normativa da DGS: Diagnóstico Pré-Natal de Cardiopatias congénitas. Lisboa: DGS; 2006.
Pérez-Pereira A, López-Moya A. Primer curso intensivo de revisión en Medicina Física y Rehabilitación. Vigo: Complexo Hospitalário Universitário de Vigo; 2008.
Dedieu N, Fernández L, Lestache E.l. Effects of a cardiac rehabilitation program in patients with congenital heart disease. Open J Intern Med.2014; 4:22-27.
Shearer K, Rempel G, Norris C, Magill-Evans J. “It`s no big deal”: Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease. J Pediat Nurs. 2013; 28:28-36.
Moola F, Faulkner G, Kirsh J, Kilburn J. Physical activity and sport participation in youth with congenital heart disease: Perceptions of children and parents. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2007; 25:49-70.
Gharbi N, Lacomère C. Reeducation des cardiophaties. Réadaptation. 1995; 26-505-A-10.
Frederick J, Kaplan S, Schwartz D, Chou TC, Sandker MJ, Naylor V. Response to exercise in patients after total surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot. Circulation. 1976; 54 (4): 671-9.
Reybrouck T, Boshoff D, Vanhees L, Defoor J, Gewillig M. Ventilatory response to exercise in patients after correction of cyanotic congenital heart disease: relation with clinical outcome after surgery. Heart. 2004;90: 215-6.
Pfeiffer M. Reabilitação cardíaca pediátrica. Rev Brasil Cardiol. 2013; 18-20.
Schickendantz S, Sticker E, Dordel S. Sport and physical activity in children with congenital heart disease. Dtsch Arztebl. 2007; 104: 563–9.
Kendall L, Parsons J, Sloper P, Lewin RJ. A simple screening method for determining knowledge of the appropriate levels of activity and risk behavior in young people with congenital cardiac conditions. Cardiol Young. 2007; 17:151-7.
Moola F, McCrindle B, Longmuir P. Physical activity participation in youth with surgically corrected congenital heart disease: Devising guidelines so Johnny can participate. Paediatr Child Health. 2009;14:3.
Budts W, Borjesson M, Chessa M, van Buuren F, Trigo Trindade P, et al. Physical activity in adolescents and adults with congenital heart defects; individualized exercise prescription. Eur Heart J. 2013:34;3669-74.
Lewin R, Kendall L, Sloper P. Provision of services for rehabilitation of children and adolescents with congenital cardiac disease: a survey of centers for pediatric cardiology in the United Kingdom. Cardiol Young. 2002;12:412–4.
Klausen S, Mikkelsen U, Hirth A, Wetterslev J, Kjærgaard H, Søndergaard L, et al. Design and rationale for the PREVAIL study: Effect of e-Health individually tailored encouragements to physical exercise on aerobic fitness among adolescents with congenital heart disease – a randomized clinical trial. Am Heart J. 2012;163:549-56.
Baman T, Gupta S, Day S. Cardiovascular Health, Part 2: Sports participation in athletes with cardiovascular conditions. Sports Health. 2010; :1:19-28.
Takken T, Giardini A, Reybrouck T, Gewillig M, Hövels-Gürich HH, Longmuir PE, et al. Recommendations for physical activity, recreation sport, and exercise training in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease: a report from the exercise, basic and translational research section of the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, the European Congenital Heart and Lung Exercise Group, and the Association for European Pediatric Cardiology. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2011;19:1034-65.
Mitchell J, Haskell W, Snell P, Van Camp SP. Task Force 8: Classification of Sports. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:1364-7.
Moalla W, Gauthier R, Maingourd Y, Ahmaidi S. Six-Minute Walking Test to assess exercise tolerance and cardiorespiratory responses during training program in children with congenital heart disease. Int J Sports Med. 2005;26:756-62.
Mezzani A, Hamm L, Jones A, McBride PE, Moholdt T, Stone JA, et al. Aerobic exercise intensity assessment and prescription in cardiac rehabilitation: a joint position statement of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Canadian Association of Cardiac Rehabilitation. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2012;20:442-67.
Reybrouck T, Vangesselen S, Gewillig M. Impaired chronotropic response to exercise in children with repaired cyanotic congenital heart disease. Acta Cardiol. 2009;64 :723-7.
Fratellone P, Steinfeld L, Coplan N. Exercise and congenital heart disease. Am Heart J. 1994; 1676- 9.
Moalla W, Elloumi M, Chamari K, Dupont G, Maingourd Y, Tabka Z, et al. Training effects on peripheral muscle oxygenation and performance in children with congenital heart diseases. Appl Physiol Nutr Metabol. 2012;57:1-10.
Longmuir P, Tremblay M, Goode R. Postoperative exercise training develops normal levels of physical activity in a group of children following cardiac surgery. Pediatr Cardiol. 1990; 11:126-30.
Balfour I, Drimmer A, Nouri S, Pennington DG, Hemkens CL, Harvey LL. Pediatric cardiac rehabilitation. Am J Dis Child. 1991;145:627-30.
Rhodes J, Curran T, Camil L, Rabideau N, Fulton DR, Gauthier NS, et al. Impact of cardiac rehabilitation on the exercise function of children with serious congenital heart disease. Pediatrics. 2005;116:1339-45.
Rhodes J, Curran T, Camil L, Rabideau N, Fulton DR, Gauthier NS, et al. Sustained effects of cardiac rehabilitation in children with serious congenital heart disease. Pediatrics. 2006; 118:586-93.
Singh T, Curran T, Rhodes J. Cardiac rehabilitation improves heart rate recovery following peak exercise in children with repaired congenital heart disease. Pediatr Cardiol. 2007; 28:276-9.
Somarriba G, Extein J, Miller T. Exercise rehabilitation in pediatric cardiomyopathy. Prog Pediatr Cardiol. 2008; 25:91-102.
Miller T, Horgan S, Lipshultz S. Exercise rehabilitation of pediatric patients with cardiovascular disease. Prog Pediatr Cardiol. 2005; 20:27-37.
Reybrouck T, Rogers R, Weymans M, Dumoulin M, Vanhove M, Daenen W, et al. Serial cardiorespiratory exercise testing in patients with congenital heart disease. Eur J Pediatr. 1995; 154:801-6.
Duppen N, Takken T, Hopman M, ten Harkel AD, Dulfer K, Utens EM, et al. Systematic review of the effects of physical exercise training programes in children and young adults with congenital heart disease. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168:1779-87.
Landry B, Driscoll S. Physical activity in children and adolescents. PM R. 2012; 4:826-32.
Strong W, Malina R, Blimkie C, Daniels SR, Dishman RK, Gutin B, et al. Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth. J Pediatr. 2005; 146:732-7.
Maron B, Chaitman B, Ackerman M, Bayés de Luna A, Corrado D, et al. Recommendations for physical activity and recreational sports participation for young patients with genetic cardiovascular diseases. Circulation. 2004;109:2807-16.
Wernovsky G, Rome J, Tabbutt S, Rychik J, Cohen MS, Paridon SM, et al. Guidelines for the outpatient management of complex congenital heart disease. Congenit Heart Dis. 2006;1:10-26.
Baumgartner H, Bonhoeffer P, De Groot N, de Haan F, Deanfield JE, Galie N, et al. ESC Guidelines for the management of grown-up congenital heart disease (new version 2010): The Task Force on the Management of Grown-up Congenital Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2010;31:2915–57.
Graham T Jr, Driscoll D, Gersony W, Newburger JW, Rocchini A, Towbin JA. Task Force 2: Congenital heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:1326–33.
Zipes D, Ackerman M, Estes M, Grant AO, Myerburg RJ, Van Hare G. Task Force 7: Arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:1354-63.
Downloads
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright statement
Authors must also submit a copyright statement (as seen below) on article submission.
To the Editor-in-chief of the SPMFR Journal:
The below signed author(s) hereby state that the article
________________________________________ (ref. MFR_________) is
an original unpublished work and all facts stated are a product of the author(s) investigation. This article does not violate any copyright laws or privacy statements. The author(s) also hereby confirm that there is no conflict of interest's issues in this article.
By submitting this article the author(s) agree that after publication all copyrights belong to the SPMFR Journal.
Signed by all authors
Date:
Names (capital letters):
Signatures:
The SPMFR Journal’s contents are follow a Creative Commons licence. After publication the authors can hand out the articles as long as the SPMFR Journal is credited.
