Movement Disorders Associated with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Narrative Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25759/spmfr.572Keywords:
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome;, Movement Disorders, Dystonia, Tremor, Botulinum Toxin, Type AAbstract
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a rare condition that typically affects the limbs—most often the wrist or ankle—following an injury, with (type II) or without (type I) demonstrable nerve damage. Clinically, it is characterized by pain disproportionate to the inciting event, accompanied by sensory, autonomic, motor, and trophic abnormalities. Among motor manifestations, movement disorders such as dystonia, tremor, and myoclonus are common but often underdiagnosed and poorly understood, although included in the Budapest diagnostic criteria. Their pathophysiology appears to involve maladaptive cortical plasticity, dysfunction of the motor cortex and basal ganglia, and altered proprioception and motor control. Diagnosis and management are highly challenging, particularly within Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. This narrative review aims to summarize the clinical features, underlying mechanisms, and current therapeutic strategies for movement disorders associated with CRPS.
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