Rehabilitation in Peripheral Arterial Disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25759/spmfr.247Keywords:
Exercise, Exercise Therapy, Intermittent Claudication, Peripheral Arterial Disease/rehabilitationAbstract
Introduction: Despite current guidelines recommendations of exercise training as a first line treatment for peripheral arterial disease, its use and availability remain sparse. The aim of this study is to assemble the optimal characteristics of an exercise program for peripheral arterial disease.
Methods: A literature review was performed. The PubMed and the Cochrane Library were sought under the search terms: “exercise” AND “peripheral arterial disease” and “rehabilitation” AND “peripheral arterial disease”. Consensus, guidelines, meta-analysis and reviews published between 2010 January and 2016 December were included.
Results: 35 articles were identified. Numerous exercise training programs are described in different studies. Supervised exercise programs, with three months duration and held three times a week seem to present better results. An intermittent aerobic training with 30 minutes duration is proposed. There is still controversy regarding the most appropriate exercise intensity and rate of progression of exercise. Treadmill is currently the most studied modality; however, other alternative modalities are gaining increasing interest.
Conclusion: Although there is still some controversy regarding the superiority of some parameters in exercise prescription, there are others that are quite consensual such as the supervision of the program, the duration and the frequency of the exercise sessions.
Downloads
References
Brenner I, Parry M, Ann Brown CA. Exercise Interventions for Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Review of the Literature. Phys Sportsmed, 2012. 40: p. 41-55.
Conte MS, Pomposelli FB, Clair DG, Geraghty PJ, Mckinsey JF, Mills JL et al. Society for Vascular Surgery practice guidelines for atherosclerotic occlu-sive disease of the lower extremities: Management of asymptomatic disease and claudication. Society for Vascular Surgery Guidelines. J Vasc Surg. 2015; 61(5):1382.
Aggarwal S, Moore RD, Arena R, Marra B, McBride A, Martin B-J et al. Rehabilitation Therapy in Peripheral Arterial Disease. Can J Card, 2016. 32: p. S374-S381.
Askew CD, Parmenter B, Leicht AS, Walker PJ, Golledge J. Exercise & Sport Science Australia (ESSA) position statement on exercise prescription for patients with peripheral arterial disease and intermitten claudication. J Sci Med Sport, 2013. 17: p. 1-7.
Parmenter BJ, Raymond, Fiatarone SMA. The Effect of Exercise on Fit-ness and Performance-Based Tests of Function in Intermittent Claudication: A Systematic Review. Sports Med, 2013.
Fokkenrood HJ, Bendermacher B, Lauret GJ, Willingendael EM, Prins MH, Teijink JAW. Supervised exercise therapy versus non-supervised exercise therapy for intermitten claudication (Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013.
Cooke JP, C Zehn. A Compendium on Peripheral Arterial Disease. Circ Res, 2015: p. 1505-1508.
Lane R, Ellis B, Watson L, Leng GC. Exercise for intermittent claudica-tion (Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014.
Hiatt WR, Armstrong EJ, Christopher J, Larson CJ, Brass EP. Pathogene-sis of the Limb Manifestations and Exercise Limitations in Peripheral Artery Dis-ease. Circ Res, 2015. 116: p. 1427-1539.
Agrawal K, Eberhardt RT. Contemporary Medical Management of Pe-ripheral Arterial Disease A Focus on Risk Reduction and Symptom Relief for In-termittent Claudication. Cardiol Clin, 2015. 33: p. 111–137.
Gommans LN, Fokkenrood HJ, van Dalen HC, Scheltinga MR, Teijink JA. Safety of supervised exercise therapy in patints with intermittent claudication. J Vasc Surg, 2014: p. 1-7.
Malgor RD, Alahdab F, Elraiyah TA, Rizvi AZ, Lane MA, Prokop LJ et al. A systematic review of treatment of intermittent claudication in the lower ex-tremities. J Vasc Surg, 2015. 61: p. 54S-73S.
Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Bakal CW, Creager MA, Halperin KL, Hiratzka LF et al. ACC/AHA 2005 Practice Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease (Lower Extremity, Renal, Mesenteric, and Ab-dominal Aortic). Circulation, 2005. 113: p. e463-654.
Network, S.I.G., Diagnosis and management of peripheral arterial disease A national clinical guideline. 2006.
TASC-II, Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Ar-terial Disease (TASC II). Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2007. 33.
Cassar K, Peripheral arterial disease. BMJ, 2010: p. 1-74.
Excellence, N.I.f.H.a.C., Peripheral arterial disease: diagnosis and man-agement. NICE guideline, 2012: p. 1-30.
Bonaca MP, Creager MA, Pharmacological Treatment and Current Man-agement of Peripheral Artery Disease. Circ Res, 2015. 116: p. 1579-1598.
Lauret GJ, Fakhry F, Fokkenrood HJP, Hunink MGM, Teijink JAW, Spronk S. Modes of Exercise Training for Intermitten Claudication. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2014.
Gardner AW. Exercise rehabilitation for peripheral artery disease: an ex-ercise physiology perspective with special emphasis on the emerging trend of home-based exercise. Vasa, 2015. 44: p. 405-417.
Aggarwal S, Moore RD, Arena R, Marra B, McBride A, Lamb B, Martin BJ, Stone J, Rehabilitation Therapy in Peripheral Arterial Disease. Can J Cardiol., 2016. 32: p. S374-S381.
Tew GA, Brabyn S, Cook L, Peckham E. The Completeness of Interven-tion Descriptions in Randomised Trials of Supervised Exercise Training in Pe-ripheral Arterial Disease. PLoS one, 2016. 11: p. 1-14.
Hamburg NM and Balady GJ. Exercise Rehabilitation in Peripheral Artery Disease: Functional Impact and Mechanisms of Benefits. Circulation, 2011. 123: p. 87-97.
Weinberg MD, Lau JF, Rosenfield K, Olin JW. Peripheral artery disease. Part 2: medical and endovascular treatment. Nat Rev Cardiol., 2011. 8: p. 429-441.
Simmons A, Steffen S, Sanders S. Medical therapy for peripheral arterial disease. Curr Opin Cardiol., 2012. 6: p. 592-597.
Berger JS, Hiatt RW. Medical Therapy in Peripheral Artery Disease. Cir-culation, 2012. 126: p. 491-500.
(UK), R.C.o.P., Lower Limb Peripheral Arterial Disease: Diagnosis and Management [Internet]. National Clinical Guideline Centre (UK), 2012.
Haas TL, Lloyd PG, Yang HT, Terjung RL. Exercise Training and Pe-ripheral Arterial Disease. Compr Physiol., 2012. 2: p. 2933-3017.
McDermott MM, Functional Impairment in Peripheral Artery Disease and How to Improve It in 2013. Curr Cardiol Rep, 2013. 15: p. 347 (1-8).
Mays RG, Rogers RK, Hiatt WR, Regensteiner JG. Community walking programs for treatment of peripheral artery disease. J Vasc Surg, 2013. 58: p. 1678-87.
Al-Jundi W, Madbak K, Beard JD, Nawaz S, Tew GA W. Systematic Re-view of Home-based Exercise Programmes for Individuals with Intermittent Claudication. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 2013;. 46: p. 690-706.
Olin JW, White CJ, Armstrong WJ, Kadian-Dodov D, Hiatt WR. Periph-eral Artery Disease: Evolving Role of Exercise, Medical Therapy, and Endovas-cular Options. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2016. 67: p. 1338-1357.
Makris GC, Lattimer CR, Lavida A, Geroulakos G. Availability of Super-vised Exercise Programs and the Role of Structured Home-based Exercise in Pe-ripheral Arterial Disease. Eur J of Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2012. 44: p. 569-575.
Li Y; Li Z; Chang G; Wang M, Wu R, Wang S et al. Effect of Structured Home-Based Exercise on Walking Ability in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Ann Vasc Surg, 2015. 29: p. 597-606.
Lindo FA. Exercise therapy for claudication: Should home-based exercise therapy be prescribed in clinical practice? J Vasc Nurs, 2015. 33: p. 143-149.
Lyu X, Li S, Peng S, Cai H, Liu G, Ran X. Intensive walking exercise for lower extremity peripheral arterial disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes, 2016. 8: p. 363-377.
Osinbowale O, Milani RV. Benefits of Exercise Therapy in Peripheral Ar-terial Disease, Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2011. 53: p. 447-453.
Aw TB, Golledge J, Walker PJ, Nelson M. Peripheral arterial disease: diagnosis and management in general practice. Aust Fam Physician, 2013. 42: p. 397-400.
Casillas JM, Troisgros O, Hanneguin A, Gremeaux V, Ader P, Rapin A et al. Rehabilitation in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Ann Phys Rehabil Med., 2011. 54: p. 443-461.
Parmente B, Dieberg G, Smart NA. Exercise training for management of peripheral arterial disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med, 2015. 45: p. 231-244.
Gandhi S, Weinberg S, Margey R, Jaff MR. Comprehensive Medical Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 2011. 54: p. 2–13.
Parmenter BJ, Raymond J, Dinnen P, Singh MA. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials: walking versus alternative exercise prescription as treatment for intermittent claudication. Atherosclerosis, 2011. 218: p. 1-12.
Trompa N, Foster C, Sanchis-Gommar F, Konning JJ, Lucia A, Emanuele E. Upper versus lower limb exercise training in patients with intermittent claudi-cation: A systematic review. Atherosclerosis, 2015. 239: p. 599-606.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright statement
Authors must also submit a copyright statement (as seen below) on article submission.
To the Editor-in-chief of the SPMFR Journal:
The below signed author(s) hereby state that the article
________________________________________ (ref. MFR_________) is
an original unpublished work and all facts stated are a product of the author(s) investigation. This article does not violate any copyright laws or privacy statements. The author(s) also hereby confirm that there is no conflict of interest's issues in this article.
By submitting this article the author(s) agree that after publication all copyrights belong to the SPMFR Journal.
Signed by all authors
Date:
Names (capital letters):
Signatures:
The SPMFR Journal’s contents are follow a Creative Commons licence. After publication the authors can hand out the articles as long as the SPMFR Journal is credited.
